Тип 3: дополнение следует за предлогом: look for smb / smth, (a) search for; try to find: Are you still ~ing for a job? Дополнение не может менять своего места.
Тип 4: дополнение с двумя предлогами: look down on smb / smth, regard as inferior: Why do the English look down on everything foreign?
I. Сопоставьте phrasal verb из колонки А с его определением в колонке В. Ответьте на вопрос, к какому типу (2 или 3) они относяться.
- A B
a. to talk over a problem 1. to recover from
b. to try out an idea 2. to experiment with
c. to go off a person / food 3. to cancel
d. to call off a meeting 4. to stop
e. to give up smoking 5. to discuss
f. to look into a problem 6. to care for
g. to get over an illness 7. to not accept
h. to turn down an offer 8. to not like any more
i. to look after a child 9. to investigate
j. to work out a sum 10. to solve
II. Поставьте местоимение it на нужное место.
a. Jan had a problem with her finances, so we talked ___ over ____, and now it’s fine.
b. I had an idea for reorganizing the system. We tried ____ out ____, and it worked well.
c. I used to love ice cream, but since I found out how it’s made, I’ve really gone ___ off ___ .
d. We were due to have a meeting on Thursday, but we’ve had to call ___ off ____ because the chairperson’s ill.
e. I wish you wouldn’t smoke. Why don’t you give ____ up ____ .
f. I’m sorry to hear about your problem with the Tax Office. I promise I’ll look ___ into ___ as soon as possible.
g. The best thing for backaches is rest. Don’t worry. You’ll soon get ___ over ____ .
h. The job looks very attractive. You’d be a fool to turn ____ down ____ .
i. That ring is extremely valuable. Make sure you look ___ after ____ .
j. I need a calculator to see how much money I’ve got in my account. I can’t work ____ out ____ in my head.
III. Познакомьтесь со значениями словосочетания “bring smb / smth up”.
Bring smb / smth up, (a) educate; rear: She has brought up five children. If children are badly brought up they behave badly. (b) vomit: ~ up one’s dinner. (c) call attention to : These are facts that can always be brought up against you, used as evidence against you. These are matters that you can ~ up in committee. (d) (mil) summon to the front line: We need to ~ up more tanks. (e) ~ for trial: He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving. (f) cause to stop suddenly: His remarks brought me up short /sharp / with a jerk.
Какие из значений (a),(b),(c),(d),(e) или (f) использованы в следующих предложениях?
- I thought you brought up a very interesting point at the end of the lecture
- Her mother died in childbirth and she was brought up by her father.
- The war is going badly. We need to bring up more soldiers.
- The journey was so bumpy that the baby couldn’t help bringing up her breakfast.
IV. Закончите предложения одним из приведенных ниже словосочетаний. К какому типу относятся полученные phrasal verbs?
away with on with down on up to back on up against
in with out of away from
a. We’ve run _________ sugar. Could you buy some more?
b. Please don’t let me disturb you. Carry ___________ your work.
c. We must try to cut ________ the amount of money we spend. We just can’t make ends meet.
d. Keep _____ me! I’ve got a terrible cold, and I don’t want to give it to you.
e. When I look _______ my childhood, I realize what a happy time it was.
f. She’s such a snob. She looks ____ people who have to work for their living.
g. The only people she looks _____ are her grandparents.
h. Children grow __________ their clothes so quickly. It costs a fortune to clothe them properly.
i. The government have come _______ a big problem in their economic policy. The unions won’t co-operate, and management doesn’t approve of what they’re trying to do.
j. Face _______ the facts, Joey, and stop living with your head in the clouds. You’ll never get anywhere if you don’t work at it.
k. The antique table is very beautiful, but it doesn’t fit _____ the rest of the furniture, which is modern.
l. He tries to get ______ doing nothing around the house by charming everyone, but they’ve all learnt his tricks.
V. В данном упражнении обе части phrasal verbs используются буквально. Заполните пропуски предложенными наречиями или предлогами
away out on down off up in
a. I’d better write your telephone number _______ . I’ve got a terrible memory.
b. Don’t run _______ . Come here! I want to talk to you!
c. The bird’s cage wasn’t closed properly. It managed to get _____ , and unfortunately it flew ____ . We haven’t seen it since.
d. When Mrs Johnson died, she didn’t have a penny. She’d given all her money ______ to charity.
e. I don’t feel like cooking tonight. Shall we eat ______ ?
f. The soup doesn’t taste very nice. If I were you, I’d put some more salt _____ .
g. A button has come _____ my shirt. Could you sew it back ____ for me?
h. It has just started to rain, and the washing is hanging outside. Could you help me to bring it ____ ?
i. Hello. It’s Peter, isn’t it? I hardly recognized you! You’ve shaved ____ your beard.
j. Kate’s having a birthday party this afternoon. Could you help us to blow _____ some balloons?
k. I fell _____ my horse and dislocated my shoulder.
l. And my wife fell ____ stairs! One disaster after another!
m. The wind was very strong last night. It blew ____ a tree in our garden.
VI. Многие phrasal verbs имеют синонимы латинского происхождения. Phrasal verbs являются менее формальными, тогда как слова латинского происхождения более формальны и буквальны. Догадайтесь о значении phrasal verbs в следующих предложениях и найдите для них соответствующий синоним латинского происхождения из предложенного списка.
a. I was badly beaten up when I tried to break up a fight outside a pub last night.
b. You should tell the police that it wasn’t your fault. I’ll stick up for you, don’t worry.
c. Soon there will be no import duties within the Common Market. They’re going to do away with them.
d. Government forces in Walliland have put down a revolt by a group of soldiers.
e. The business went through a lean period at the beginning of the year, but things are picking up now.
f. Looking after six kids all day has completely worn me out!
g. Many old people are taken in by bogus officials, who call their houses, find a pretence for looking round and then steal their property.
h. I was told off for being late again this morning. If it happens again, my pay gets docked.
i. We’ve bought an old house which isn’t in very good condition, but we’ll do it up bit by bit.
j. Don’t believe her when she says she’s got stomach ache. She’s putting it on. She just wants to get out of going to school.
k. I had a very unhappy childhood, but the delights of being an adult and a parent have made up for that.
l. I can’t solve the riddle at all. I give in. What’s the answer?
m. The government is going to set up an inquiry into the condition of Britain’s prisons.
n. Police have ruled out murder, but are still holding several people for questioning.
o. He’s a great mate of mine. He’s the kind of friend who’ll stand by you through thick and thin.
Список синонимов латинского происхождения.
1. compensate for ___________ 9. establish_______________
2. exhaust _________________ 10. exclude _______________
3. deceive _________________ 11.improve _______________
4. defend __________________ 12. decorate_______________
5. pretend _________________ 13. surrender ______________
6. abolish _________________ 14. support ________________
7. reprimand _______________ 15. assault ________________
8. suppress ________________
VII. Затруднения, которые приносят многочисленные и многозначные phrasal verbs иностранцам и самим носителям языка тонко подмечены английскими журналистами. Далее в качестве примера приводится статья Майлса Кингтона, опубликованная в газете The Independent и написанная в форме урока английского языка по теме Phrasal verbs. Перед чтением сделайте ряд упражнений.
a) Догадайтесь о значении следующих phrasal verbs, фигурирующих в статье.
a. My sister has written, asking if we can put her up for a few days whilst she’s in London.
b. Paul was left ten thousand pounds in his grandfather’s will, so he set himself up as a photographer.
c. This bad weather’s really getting me down.
d. The flat isn’t very nice, but I can put up with it until I find somewhere better.
e. The family dog was old and crippled, so they decided reluctantly that they had to have her put down.
f. Let’s meet on the 20th . Put the date down in your diary so you don’t forget it.
g. James Gregory was sent down for ten years for his part in the robbery.
h. Peter thinks I’m trying to get off with his girlfriend, but I don’t find her very attractive. Anyway, I wouldn’t do a thing like that to a mate of mine.
i. Have you seen how Jane always putting him down? Either she criticizes him for the way he dresses, or the way he eats or the way he speaks, and she makes him feel such a fool!
j. “I’ve been set up,” thought Alice. “Joe told the director that I was incompetent, than altered the accounts making it look like my handwriting, and now I’ve been accused of stealing money!”
k. Jeremy, who is a very good mimic, was sending up the Director and the way he screws up his face when he talks, when the Director himself came into the room. You could have heard a pin drop!
b) Сопоставьте phrasal verbs с предложенными определениями.
1. to depress, make miserable ____________
2. to send to prison _____________
3. to establish a business __________________
4. to prove a bed for someone for a short while _________________
5. to imitate someone in such a way as to make them appear foolish ________
6. to write down ______________
7. to kill (an animal) out of humanitarian reasons ______________
8. to tolerate _________________
9. to begin a romantic or sexual relationship with someone ____________
10. to make someone appear guilty in order to get them into trouble ________
11. to make someone seem foolish by criticizing and ridiculing them _______
